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RESSOURCES
BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES

EFFETS
SUR LES
ENFANTS

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EFFETS
SUR LES
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Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index: Professional manual (3rd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources.

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Burrow, S., Wood, L., Fisher, C., Usher, R., Gayde, R., & O’Donnell, M. (2024). Parents’ experiences of perinatal child protection processes: A systematic review and thematic synthesis informed by a socio-ecological approach. Children and Youth Services Review, 166, 107960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107960

Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 35–53.

Doka, K. J. (Ed.). (2002). Disenfranchised grief: Recognizing hidden sorrow. Lexington Books.

Dorfman, S., Sommer, A. R., Caiazzo, A. J., Ngassa, Y., Gray, J. R., & Schiff, D. M. (2025). Creating a Path From Crisis to Care and Connection: Perspectives on Child Removal and Family Separation from Parental Substance Use. Child maltreatment, 10775595251361477 

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Ireland, G., De Stavola, B., Gilbert, R., & Jay, M. A. (2026). 10-year mortality among first-time mothers involved in family court care proceedings in England: Cohort study using linked administrative hospital, mortality and family court records. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2026-225930

Kenny K, Frank K, Lavallee B et al. (2026). The association of child removal by child protective services and mortality among First Nations and non-First Nations mothers in Canada: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Public Health, 2026; 11, e120-e128. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(25)00278-6/fulltext 

Lee, R., & Oh, K. (2018). A meta-analysis of the relationship between parent–adolescent attachment and adolescent psychological health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(10), 3089–3103.

Liddell, B. J., Batch, N., Hellyer, S., et al. (2022). Understanding the effects of being separated from family on refugees in Australia: A qualitative study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 46(5), 647–653.

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Lurie, L. A., Gruhn, M. A., Garrisi, K., McLaughlin, K. A., Humphreys, K. L., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., Nelson, C. A., & Sheridan, M. A. (2025). Caregiving quality and adolescent cortical structure: A 16-year longitudinal study of institutionally reared youth. Developmental Science, 28, e70043. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70043

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Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.

Naseh, M., Zeng, Y., Ahn, E., Cohen, F., & Rfat, M. (2024). Mental health implications of family separation associated with migration policies in the United States: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 352, 116995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116995

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Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145–161.

Van Schaack, B. (2021). Father–son separation at US border illustrates lasting harm that demands redress. Just Security, January 6, 2021.

Wall-Wieler, E., Roos, L. L., Bolton, J., Brownell, M., Nickel, N. C., & Chateau, D. (2017). Maternal health and social outcomes after having a child taken into care: population-based longitudinal cohort study using linkable administrative data. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 71(12), 1145–1151. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209542

Wall-Wieler E, Roos LL, Bolton J, Brownell M, Nickel N, Chateau D. Maternal Mental Health after Custody Loss and Death of a Child: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Linkable Administrative Data. Can J Psychiatry. 2018 May;63(5):322-328. doi: 10.1177/0706743717738494.

Wall-Wieler E, Roos LL, Brownell M, Nickel N, Chateau D, Singal D. Suicide Attempts and Completions among Mothers Whose Children Were Taken into Care by Child Protection Services: A Cohort Study Using Linkable Administrative Data. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2018;63(3):170-177. doi:10.1177/0706743717741058

Webster, E. (2018). Dignity, degrading treatment and torture in human rights law: The ends of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Routledge.

MODÈLE ANIMAL

Hofer, M. A., Shair, H. N. (1987). Isolation distress in two-week-old rats: Influence of home cage,
social companions, and prior experience with littermates. Developmental Psychobiology, 20 (4),
456-476.
Janus, K. (1987). Effects of early separation of young rats from the mother on their open-field
behavior. Physiology & Behavior, 40 (6), 711-715,
Kuhn, C. M., Pauk, J., Schanberg, S. M. (1990). Endocrine responses to mother-infant separation
in developing rats. Developmental Psychobiology, 23 (5), 395-410.
Spivey, J., Barrett, D., Padilla, E., F. Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2008). Mother–infant separation leads to
hypoactive behavior in adolescent Holtzman rats. Behavioural Processes, 79 (1), 59-65.
Vetulani, J. (2013). Early maternal separation: a rodent model of depression and a prevailing
human condition. Pharmacological Reports, 65 (6), 1451-1461.
Vogt, J. L., Siperstein, L., Levine, S. (1982). Responsiveness of adult squirrel monkeys (Saimiri
sciureus) to mother-infant separation. American Journal of Primatology, 3 (1-4), 161-166.

MAJOR FINDINGS

Anders Hjern, Bo Vinnerljung, Lars Brännström; Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors in Individuals With a History of Out-of-home Care. Pediatrics  February 2024; 153 (2): e2023063174. 10.1542/peds.2023-063174

Brännström, L., Vinnerljung, B., & Hjern, A. (2020). Outcomes in adulthood after long-term foster care: A sibling approach. Child Maltreatment, 25(4), 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559519898755

Burrow, S., Wood, L., Fisher, C., Usher, R., Gayde, R., & O’Donnell, M. (2024). Parents’ experiences of perinatal child protection processes: A systematic review and thematic synthesis informed by a socio-ecological approach. Children and Youth Services Review, 166, 107960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107960

Dozier, M., Zeanah, C.H., Wallin, A.R. and Shauffer, C. (2012), Institutional Care for Young Children: Review of Literature and Policy Implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 6: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2409.2011.01033.x

Kenny K, Frank K, Lavallee B et al. (2026). The association of child removal by child protective services and mortality among First Nations and non-First Nations mothers in Canada: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Public Health, 2026; 11, e120-e128. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(25)00278-6/fulltext 

Ireland, G., De Stavola, B., Gilbert, R., & Jay, M. A. (2026). 10-year mortality among first-time mothers involved in family court care proceedings in England: Cohort study using linked administrative hospital, mortality and family court records. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2026-225930

Oliveira, P. S. (2024). The impact of out-of-home care on brain development: A brief review of the neuroscientific evidence informing our understanding of children’s attachment outcomes. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 18, 1332898. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1332898

Sariaslan A, Kääriälä A, Pitkänen J, et al. (2022) Long-term Health and Social Outcomes in Children and Adolescents Placed in Out-of-Home Care. JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(1):e214324. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4324

Wall-Wieler E, Roos LL, Bolton J, Brownell M, Nickel N, Chateau D. Maternal Mental Health after Custody Loss and Death of a Child: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Linkable Administrative Data. Can J Psychiatry. 2018 May;63(5):322-328. doi: 10.1177/0706743717738494.

Wall-Wieler E, Roos LL, Brownell M, Nickel N, Chateau D, Singal D. Suicide Attempts and Completions among Mothers Whose Children Were Taken into Care by Child Protection Services: A Cohort Study Using Linkable Administrative Data. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2018;63(3):170-177. doi:10.1177/0706743717741058

 

KEY FINDINGS

La perte de la garde d’un enfant au profit des services de protection de l’enfance est associée à une santé mentale maternelle significativement plus dégradée que celle observée après le décès d’un enfant (Wall-Wieler, 2018).

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Le placement hors du domicile a aggravé l’état de santé des enfants ainsi que leurs trajectoires dans le système judiciaire (Brownell et al., 2024).

Le placement hors du domicile durant l’enfance est associé à un doublement du risque de maladie coronarienne et d’accident vasculaire cérébral entre 18 et 48 ans (Hjern et al., 2024).

Les mères dont un enfant a été placé par les services de protection de l’enfance présentent des taux de mortalité plus élevés que ceux observés chez leurs sœurs biologiques n’ayant pas connu un tel placement (Wall-Wieler et al. 2018).

Les résultats d’analyses de régression multiniveaux portant sur un large éventail d’indicateurs scolaires, sociaux et sanitaires à l’âge adulte — regroupés en seize catégories de résultats — concordent avec plusieurs études antérieures : le placement familial traditionnel de longue durée ne semble pas améliorer les perspectives de vie des enfants ayant subi des maltraitances (Brännström, Vinnerljung, and Hjern, 2020)

Chez les enfants ayant vécu en institution, les études rapportent notamment des volumes réduits de substance grise et blanche, une altération de l’intégrité de la substance blanche, ainsi que des différences dans l’activité électrique cérébrale et dans les circuits impliqués dans le traitement des émotions et de la menace (Oliveira, 2024).

Les femmes devenues mères pour la première fois et impliquées dans une procédure de protection de l’enfance présentaient, au cours des dix années suivantes, un risque de décès 21 fois supérieur à celui des mères du même âge non concernées (Ireland et al., 2026).

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